**1. - Author: Walter Lippmann- Year of Publication: 1920- Definition: Journalism is a social institution that aims to provide citizens with accurate and reliable information about events and issues that affect their lives.

**2. - Author: John Hohenberg- Year of Publication: 1969- Definition: Journalism is a profession that involves gathering, verifying, and disseminating news and information to the public.

**3.- Author: James Madison- Year of Publication: 1788- Definition: Journalism plays a crucial role in holding those in power accountable by investigating and reporting on their actions.

**4. - Author: Edward R. Murrow- Year of Publication: 1958- Definition: Journalism serves the public interest by providing citizens with the information they need to make informed decisions.

**5. - Author: Ben Bagdikian- Year of Publication: 1983- Definition: Journalism is a business that operates within a competitive marketplace, where media organizations compete for audiences and advertising revenue.

**6. - Author: Gay Talese- Year of Publication: 1971- Definition: Journalism can be considered an art form, as it involves creativity, storytelling, and the ability to convey complex information in a compelling way.

**7. - Author: I.F. Stone- Year of Publication: 1967- Definition: Journalism can be used as a tool for activism, as it can raise awareness about important issues and mobilize people to take action.

**8. - Author: Andy Rooney- Year of Publication: 1995- Definition: Journalism can also be a form of entertainment, as it can provide readers and viewers with interesting and engaging stories.

**9. - Author: Joseph Goebbels- Year of Publication: 1933- Definition: Journalism can be used as a tool for propaganda, as it can be used to spread biased or misleading information to influence public opinion.

**10. - Author: Robert Darnton- Year of Publication: 1999- Definition: Journalism can be seen as a form of history, as it provides a record of events and issues that have shaped society.

**11.- Author: Norman Mailer- Year of Publication: 1968- Definition: Journalism can be considered a form of literature, as it involves the use of language and storytelling to convey information and ideas.

**12. - Author: Philip Meyer- Year of Publication: 1991- Definition: Journalism can be seen as a form of science, as it involves the systematic gathering and analysis of information to produce accurate and reliable reports.

**13.- Author: Jay Rosen- Year of Publication: 2006- Definition: Journalism is increasingly becoming a technology-driven field, as new technologies are used to gather, process, and disseminate news and information.

**14. - Author: James Curran- Year of Publication: 2010- Definition: Journalism plays a vital role in global communication, as it facilitates the exchange of information and ideas across borders and cultures.

**15.- Author: Noam Chomsky- Year of Publication: 1989- Definition: Journalism can be a powerful tool for social change, as it can raise awareness about important issues and mobilize people to take action.

**16. - Author: Alexis de Tocqueville- Year of Publication: 1835- Definition: Journalism is essential for democracy, as it provides citizens with the information they need to make informed decisions about their government and society.

**17. Journalism is holding those in power accountable and ensuring that the truth is not suppressed

**18. **Author:Joseph PulitzerYear of publication :1904Journalism is the art of interesting people in something they weren't interested in until they read it in your newspaper."

**19.Author :Ben Bradlee Year of publication:1995  Journalism is the initial step in documenting and recording historical events. He recognized that journalistic accounts provide valuable insights into the past and serve as a foundation for future historians.

**20Author:Christiane Amanpour Year of publication:2012 Journalism is amplifying the voices of those who are often marginalized or unheard

*APC Reference:**Kovach, B., & Rosenstiel, T. (2001). The elements of journalism: What newspeople should know and the public should expect. Three Rivers Press.Ward, S. J. A. (2018). Journalism: A guide to the basics (5th ed.). Routledge.Sanford, B. W. (2019). The journalist's guide to media law (8th ed.). Routledge.Hohenberg, J. (2000). The art of journalism: Conversations with the great reporters. Columbia University Press.Schudson, M. (2015). The power of journalism: How journalists shape the world. WW Norton & Company.